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The first step is that the Cambodian government has expressed sincerity to apologize for what happened.

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A Public Apology

Public apologies are the new confessional.

So here goes.

I apologize for not knowing where to start with my apologies.

I apologize for being tainted with the sins of Adam.

I apologize for blaming Eve for the sins of Adam.

I apologize to the Serpent, who was just following orders.

I apologize for the seductiveness of ripe apples on the Tree of Knowledge. I just didn’t know at the time.

I apologize for not taking Genesis 1 literally.

I apologize for not appreciating the allegorical significance of Genesis 1.

I apologize for blaming the Jews for crucifying Christ.

I apologize for not being quicker to blame the relevant parties for the crucifixion of Christ.

I apologize for not giving independence to America sooner.

I apologize to the Native Americans for invading their great God’s-own country.

I apologize to the Native Americans for not stopping them sooner from killing each other’s tribes.

I apologize for entering into business agreements with the chiefs of certain coastal African tribes to bring their captives from their tribal wars to resolve America’s manpower shortage.

I apologize for dwelling on the sufferings of my family in the Holocaust, without considering the mental and emotional agony of those obliged to follow orders to massacre them.

I apologize for messing with Iraq.

I apologize for not doing a better job of messing with Iraq.

I apologize for not being Politically Correct.

I apologize for being Politically Correct.

I apologize for throwing all these things in your face and encouraging you to feel complicit in my guilt.

I apologize for not apologizing sooner.

I apologize for all the things I haven’t the imagination and humanity to apologize for.

Oh to hell with it.

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The Gaberlunzie's Walk

The Laird is dead, the laird is dead,
An' dead is cousin John,
His henchmen ten, an' his sax merrie men,
Forbye the steward's son.


An' his ain guid gray that he strode sae gay
When hunt was up an' on,
An' the win' blew fair, an' the grews pu'd sair,
An' dawn was on Maol-don,
An' the skeigh steeds neigh'd, an' the slot-hounds bay'd,
An' up gaed the mornin' sun,
An' awa' gaed the deer wi' the merrie men's cheer,
Awa' owre the auld Maol-don,
An' awa' wi' a shout ran the rabble an' the rout,
An' awa' rode cousin John,
Wi' his horn, his horn, thro' the merry merry morn,
His hunter's horn sae shrill!
An' 't was 'Ho, heigho, hereawa',
Hereawa', hereawa'!
Ho, heigho, hereawa'!'
A' roun' the hill!


Walie! walie! they're a' gane dead,
A' owre the seas an' awa'
The laird an' his men, the sax an' the ten,
They gaed to fight and to fa'.
An' walie, an' wae, an' hech! the weary day!
The laird is dead an' a'!


A' in ae grave by the margent o' the wave
Thegither they lay doun,
Sax feet deep, where dead men sleep,
A' i' the faeman's grun'.


Foremost i' the van, wi' his bagpipes i' his han',
The steward's ae braw son,
An' next the young laird-gin the guid Lord had spared!-
A' as he led them on,
Wi' his bonnie brow bare an' his lang fair hair,
An' his bluidy braid-sword drawn;
An' hard by his chief, that in life was sae lief,
In death cam cousin John,
Wi' his horn, his horn, thro' the merry merry morn,
His hunter's horn sae shrill
When 't was 'Ho, heigho, hereawa',
Hereawa', hereawa'!'

[...] Read more

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Next Step

I wanna go up where something matters
I wanna blow up where matter scatters
I wanna live into the future
I want to give... more girl
Next step
No side stepping this time
Cross over life on the line
One thing to talk big
Go to follow thru
All set
Got to get past the present too
Dont want to reach out for yesterday
Dont want to block the shock of the new
I wanna see what new love will bring
Im gonna give all that love to you
Whats the next step
My mind is open wide
Next step
Whatll be the next step baby
Whats the next step
Im finished with the past
Next step
Wont be the last step baby
You wanna wake up with me beside you
You wanna shake off bad thoughts inside you
Were gonna walk on into tomorrow
Were gonna have more fun now
Dont look around for yesterday
No blocking out the shock of the new
Do you wanna see what new love can bring
Im gonna give all that love to you
Whats the next step
My mind is open wide
Next step
Whatll be the next step baby
Whats the next step
I havent got a clue
Next step
Wanna make the next step with you
Whats the next step
Gonna take it gonna take it
Next step
Gonna step right
Wont step back
Whats the next step
No bad songs
No bad songs
Next step
Say hey
Dont you want to take the next step

[...] Read more

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Baby I Apologize

Love my baby in the afternoon,
But shes crying, crying
Told my baby in the afternoon,
But she dont like it she dont like it
Baby used to love me so
Baby I apologize
For telling them dirty lies
I had my fun but now its done
Baby I apologize
Love you in the morning in the evening too
But she wont do what I want to
Kicked me out of my own front room
For my lyen my dirty lyin
Baby I apologize
For telling them dirty lies
I had my fun but now its done
Baby I apologize
You know my darling
I was a broken man
All my dreams had fell apart
And then a voice from above
Told me the truth of the world we live
And my darling, Id just like to say one more time
Please come back
Baby I apologize
For telling them dirty lies
I had my fun but now its done
Baby I apologize
Love you in the morning in the evening too
But she wont do what I want to
Kicked me out of my own front room
For my lyin my dirty lyin
Baby used to love me so
Baby I apologize
For telling them dirty lies
I had my fun but now its done
Baby I apologize
Baby I apologize
For telling them dirty lies
I had my fun but now its done
Baby I apologize

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No Step

I looked out of my window, saw a stencil black,
No step. no step.
There were nervous mothers with children crying in the back.
No step. no step.
Someone bought me my ticket, now Im on the wing.
Hope my angels are watching me, do I hear them sing?
No step. no step.
Those afterburners cut in and kicked us high.
No step. no step.
The thin air shimmered, the sun cut through and burned my eye.
No step. no step.
Someone bought me my ticket, now Im on the wing.
Hope my angels are watching me, do I hear them sing?
No step.
No step no step.
No step no step.
No step no step.
Give me a jet stream schooner or a crew-legged goose.
No step. no step.
Im a clear-air jockey when they turn me loose
No step. no step.
Someone bought me my ticket to the captains seat.
Will the shakes soon leave me, will I find my feet?
No step. no step.
No step. no step.
No step.

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Something Happened

Something happened
I just don't understand
Something happened
It's making me feel mad
Something happened, you don't hear about
Oh, please that never did before
Something happened
I just don't understand
Something happened
I just don't understand
Something happened
It's making me feel mad, oh
I never saw this on TV
I never read it in no book
ahh
Something happened
I just don't understand
hey, baby, something happened
I just don't understand
something happened
I just don't understand
something happened
I just don't understand
something happened
I just don't understand
something happened
Something happened
I just don't understand
Something happened
It's making me feel mad
I thought I knew a lot of things
but I don't know a thing, oh, oh, oh
Something happened
I just don't understand
The things I hear and see
don't seem the same
The things I touch and feel
are forever changed
I've never felt this way before
and I hope I never do again
Something happened
I don't know why or when
oh, something happened
I just don't understand
something happened
I just don't understand
Doo, doo-doo, doo-doo, doo-doo-doo-doo
something happened
Doo, doo-doo, doo-doo, doo-doo-doo-doo
something happened

[...] Read more

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To You

Well if the same thing happened to you
Would you still put me through what you put me through?
If it happened to you. what if it happened to you?
What if it happened a man kept shaking you down
But you cant get a ride to his side of town?
If it happened to you. what if it happened to you?
What if happened to you? keep it out of my shoes.
And if youre stepping on toes, keep it outta my nose.
cos if the same thing happened to me
Well, it wont be as bad as it used to be.
If it happened toyou. what if it happened to you?
What if it happened to you?
What if it happened to you?
What if it happened to you, too?
What if it happens to you?
What if it happens to you?
What if happens to you? keep it out of my shoes.
And if youre stepping on toes, keep it outta my nose.
cos if the same thing happened to me
Well, it wont be as bad as it used to be.
If it happened to you. what if it happened to you?
What if it happened to you?
What am I going to do?
What if it happened to you?
Well, what if happened to you?
* repeat until fade: what if happened to you?

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Baby Step Back

Now it looks to me like the same old place
In the sky it looks like rain
The same old town with the same old streets
The address has not change
You can find me there
With the door shut tight
And the one wish that remains
Baby step back baby step back
Either step up or step back
No you know I dont write no bad checks
I have no wish to repent
Ive seen a few
But whatever I do
I dont cause no accidents
Whiskey and wine help me pass the time
I dont leave no evidence
Baby step back baby step back
Either step up or step back
Baby step back baby step back
Either step up or step back
Still I dont kneel down
I was born to fight
So youd best leave me alone
Maybe Ill get much more than I need
Or much less than I should own
Last of all let me say it again
Either step up or step on
Baby step back baby step back
Either step up or step back
Baby step back baby step back
Either step up or step back
Baby walk back baby walk back
Either walk on or walk back
Baby step back ...

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Stone Cold Entrance Song

*glass shatters*
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
V Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, dont run away, bring it on straight to me!
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside dont run away, bring it on straight to me!.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Step up! cause youre the next one in line for the kill. you dont believe me but Im betting that you will.
Step up! Ill let you live a little bit with the pain that I bring. you know its only the beginning.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside you, something and someone to hide you.
Im breaking the living inside, dont run away, bring it on straight to me!

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Digimortal

One step!

As I witness the death of innocence
A predator feeding on its creation
Through the fallout of this hallucination
I walked into darkness

Must not surrender my God to anyone
Or this body will become carrion

One step closer
One step closer to my fate
One step closer
One step closer to the grave

As I witness my own degeneration
The future condemns me

Must not surrender my God to anyone
Or this body will become carrion

One step closer
One step closer to my fate
One step closer
One step closer to the grave

One step closer...

One step!

As I witness the death of innocence
A predator feeding on its creation
Through the fallout of this hallucination
I walked into darkness

Must not surrender my God to anyone
Or this body will become carrion

One step closer
One step closer to my fate
One step closer
One step closer to the grave

As I witness my own degeneration
The future condemns me

Must not surrender my God to anyone
Or this body will become carrion

One step closer

[...] Read more

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Step Into These Shoes

Step into these shoes feel this heart
Step into these shoes they might fit you
See through these eyes might be the same view
If Id lived through the same things as you
Id share the laughs, and cry the tears that you do
Chorus
Step into these shoes and feel this heart
Step into these shoes no reason to fight
Look into m mind it might fit you
Act out this part is it so different to you
Even if we dont ever agree
The only difference is cosmetically
Step into these shoes no reason to fight
Step in step into these shoes and feel this heart
Just feel my heart it beats with you
We float downstream in the same canoe
You might find the ocean faster than me
But Ill see it eventually
Step into these shoes and feel this heart
Step into these shoes no reason to fight
Step into these shoes and feel this heart
Oh feel this heart please feel it
Step into these shoes and feel this heart oh feel
This heart please feel it
Step into these shoes and feel this heart
Step in step into these shoes no reason to fight
Step in step into these shoes and feel this heart
Step in step into these shoes no reason to fight anymore
Feel this heart oh feel it
Step in step into these shoes no reason to fight

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Practice Every Step

Practice every step.
Do not second guess what it takes.
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

There's no sleeping for someone who has a place to go,
So...
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

Focus on that goal,
And tighten on your hold,
And...
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

Practice every step.
Do not second guess what it takes.
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

Every journey taken,
Must be thought of as a race...
And,
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

There's no other way to straighten out a crooked road,
So...
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

No matter what you're told,
There will be some doubts and woes...
But you,
Practice every step.
Yes you,
Practice every step.

Woes you hold will eventually go,
So...
Practice every step.
Practice every step.
Practice every step.
Practice every step.

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The Impact Of Poverty On Education

THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON EDUCATION.

INTRODUCTION

There are so many different tools that have been thought relevant in people’s developmental projects both at individual and societal levels. Education is one of such practical tools. Importantly to note, there are also various meanings that denote the broad term ‘education’. In this essay, however, we are mainly interested in defining formal education since our discussion will dwell much on it. According to Nwomonoh (1998) , formal education is the process of gaining knowledge, attitudes, information and skills during the course of life especially at school.

Though education is said to be so instrumental in human development but also in the revamping of world economies, it is very unfortunate that education systems, world wide, are being held to ransom all because of poverty at both governmental and household levels. According to Thibault (2009) , poverty means the shortage of common things such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine our quality of life. It may also include lack of access to opportunities like education and employment which aid the escape of poverty.

Problems in our society are interconnected in one way or the other, just like poverty and personal family problems affect a student’s capability to learn. Improving education entails improving the living conditions of students. Having in mind that education is basically responsible for the development of many countries including Malawi, as the back ground suggests, we cannot afford to bypass such a vital element without a mention. Considering also the fact that poverty is one of the forces that come in the way; blocking the success of education, we feel it rational to look at how the two realities, education and poverty, affect each other both positively and negatively. That is also why we are convinced that this topic is worth studying. Our awareness of this source, poverty, and its impact on education will enable us devise some proper measures of intervention with the hope of minimizing the negative impact of poverty on education. This point, in short, explains the purpose of our investigation and why we are so passionate in getting into this research. During the whole discussion we are being guided by two questions thus, ‘does poverty really affect education? And if it does, what points do we have on the positive and negative impacts of poverty on education? ’

METHODOLOGY

The study was basically qualitative in approach because of the nature of the issue that was being addressed. This was the case because the issue of how poverty affects education, both positively and negatively is particularly very difficult to predict the conclusions without penetrating into the core of the issue. For instance, one may unreasonably rush into concluding that poverty affects education negatively only and we cannot even dare to speak of poverty affecting education positively. The study was conducted in three schools namely; Mulunguzi, Masongola and Chirunga Private Secondary schools in Zomba district between 24th April and 3rd May. In this research we used both government and private funded schools to have a more balanced result on how poverty affects formal education in these different institutions. The information required for the study was collected through group interviews of form three students and individual interviews with teachers using semi-structured interview schedules. We opted to use these interviews in the first place because we felt books are more theoretical whereas a field research is practical and it involves real life experiences. Nevertheless, we still used desk research as a supplementary source of information and for clarity in some areas.

RESULTS

Positive impacts of poverty on education
To begin with, poverty encourages one to get educated and of course work hard in class. This is because the problems faced due to poverty are very serious and therefore students who are from poverty stricken families strive to end the problems and one of the best solutions is through education. That is to say, if a person, for instance, due to poverty, is taking just a meal in a day instead of three meals, and again if he/she is sometimes sleeping on an empty stomach, he/she will resort to education bearing in mind that if he/she gets educated they will secure formal employment and eventually be able to make ends meet for themselves as well as fending for their families.

Not only does poverty encourage one to get educated, but also it helped in the introduction of free primary education. In Malawi, for instance, when Bakili Muluzi became president, he introduced free primary education and he had eliminated the requirements for school uniform forthwith (Kadzamira & Rose,2001) . This had increased the access to education dramatically as those pupils who were coming from less privileged families were also given access to this free primary education. It should also be noted that the free primary education system was not only implemented to fulfill an electoral pledge but also bearing in mind that some families were not able to send their children to school due to poverty. Free primary education was there to deal with illiteracy by reducing families’ direct costs of education. Again due to the influx in the number of pupils in primary schools; there was a lack of teachers. Sonani (2002) , testifies that the Ministry of Education re-employed all retired teachers below the age of 65. This also meant that the once retired teachers got back to their source of income which helped them support their families as well as hauling the economy of the country. The implementation of free primary education system in Malawi forced the government to provide infrastructures so as to accommodate the large number of pupils in these schools. Simply put, poverty had led to the introduction of free primary education which means that more children are going to school, and again more teachers are being trained and getting employed and finally the construction of school blocks culminating into infrastructural development, all these branching from poverty.

We may also look at poverty from a positive angle bearing in mind that when a country is poor more funds and donations come into it. These funds and donations are also given to the education sector to build new infrastructures and in the maintenance of already existing ones in the sector. These privileged countries also provide learning materials to schools that are poor as a result students in these less privileged schools perform well in accordance with the amount and quality of the learning materials that they have been provided with. For instance, a United States based non governmental organization known as “Water for People” handed over 44 water toilets they built to Chimwankhunda primary school. The school toilet facilities had been vandalized 11 years ago but because of poverty the school could not renovate them (Gausi,2007) .

In addition, these funds and donations help more people to get educated. This is so because people can use funds as school fees, pocket money and buy stationery. The donations may include library books, chairs and writing materials. These can make a conducive environment for one to learn since there will be enough facilities at the school. For instance, with funding from the “United States Agency for International Development” (USAID) ,3,300 needy Malawian primary school girls are being funded. They are being provided with food, clothing, school supplies and hygienic products like soap and body lotion (Muhaliwa,2005) . Likewise,500 pupils at Katoto primary school in Mzuzu no longer sit on the floors during lessons courtesy of Southern Bottlers Limited and Lions Club of Limbe. Before these funds and donations, pupils used to sit on the floor due to scarcity of desks. These donations improved the pupils’ school attendance in such a way that pupils have started going to school regularly.

In the same line, a needy student can be given a scholarship to go further with his/her education. In this case the scholarship is given to the person just because he/she cannot manage to pay school fees on her own. This in turn benefits the needy person and the community at large. In this situation poverty has assisted in the development of education in an area by beckoning funds and donations from rich countries and organisations.

Further more; in most cases poverty facilitates one’s ambitions to attain formal education. It becomes easier for a poor child to put much of his concentration on education as compared to a rich child. This is because a poverty stricken student will have less destructive materials for entertainment. He/she will also have less or no money to indulge him/herself in activities that require spending a lot of money for instance, drinking beer. Sometimes even if the child can find money he/she can buy basic needs and not just spending it anyhow. Contrast to this a rich child may obtain things like ipods, mp3s, games for entertainment. These things in most cases destruct the concentration of students in their studies. As a result, one’s class performance is negatively affected since most of his/her time is being spent on entertainment.

Negative impacts of poverty on education

Just as a coin has got two sides, a head and a tail, poverty also, apart from having positive impacts on education, it does have negative impacts on the same. We have talked much about the positive face of poverty on education. We shall surely do ourselves injustice if we do not look at the negative part. In spite of the fact that poverty has an impact on education that is worth complimenting, we cannot afford in this discussion to overlook the point that so many students have been forced to leave the corridors of learning institutions due to the same poverty. One of the reasons that force some students leave the learning institutions prematurely is pregnancy, which in most cases, come because of poverty. It is almost common knowledge that a good number of students who come from poor families wish they could be sailing in the same boat with those who come from well to do families as far as luxurious life is concerned. The poor students constantly feel that there is something missing at the core psychologically. With this feeling in their minds, they tend to regard themselves as incomplete and not accepted socially. Consequently, they envy the rich students and squarely want to posses the things that are associated with the rich students. Very unfortunate that the poor students’ parents cannot afford to fulfill their children’s desires like what the rich parents would provide. Because the pull towards recognition is too strong for the poor students to resist, they end up in indulging themselves into prostitution in their search for money. Pity indeed that instead of recreating, as anticipated, their promiscuous behavior sees most of them getting pregnant and for some very unfortunate ones get even HIV and other STIs. From this discussion, commonsense convinces us that this school dropp out due to pregnancy is one of the negative impacts of poverty on education.

Adding more flesh to this discussion, we can also appreciate that hunger has been so instrumental in bringing down the standards of education world wide, in general, and Malawi, in particular. Frankly speaking, there are very few students if not none, who concentrate on their studies on empty stomachs. Food is one of the basic needs that every person is obliged to have if he/she is to survive. It is not surprising, therefore, to see some students performing miserably in class simply because they have not taken enough food or they have taken none altogether. The question of hunger finds its way into the education system because the government has failed to provide adequate food in most of its boarding schools. This is poverty at governmental level. There are also some students who are not boarders but still endure the hostile reality of hunger right in their homes. This is due to poverty at household level. It is sad that poverty, both at governmental and household level, has helped in engineering the deteriorating of education standards in Malawi.

Bearing in mind that it is only the eagle that can tell us the real whisper of a cloud, we visited Masongola Secondary school with the hope of getting first hand information from the students and their teachers since they are the ones who mostly benefit or get destructed by poverty. The Masongola secondary school students and their teacher, Mr. Enock Abraham, testified to us during an interview that government’s inability to provide extra food, apart from the usual beans that the institution offers, has seen many students developing ulcers. It would sound bizarre to reason that one can attend classes whilst he/she is on a hospital bed battling with ulcers. The Masongola students further testified that most poor students who have ulcers just bow down out of the race of learning because they cannot afford to buy extra food whenever the institution is serving the students beans.

This pitiful development goes beyond the boundaries of Masongola secondary school. Mulunguzi secondary school as Mr……the head teacher at the institution testifies, has not been spared from the scourge of school dropp outs simply because the school has not been able to provide extra or adequate food to students who cannot take what their friends take on health grounds. Needless to say this leaves the education standards in Malawi vacillating. It is a pity that though we have wrestled with this question of poverty a dozen times, we have not been successful in the battle. At one point in time, the government attempted to minimize the chances of school dropout in primary schools through its provision of porridge to pupils in the junior section. This attempt was in itself a good gesture but the government has failed to implement the initiative further in other schools that up to now have not benefited from the program.

It may not sound an exaggeration if we may say poverty has also forced a good number of students to give up their hopes of getting educated simply because they find it so difficult traveling to and from their respective schools. Lack of transport means, in short, has pushed them well towards the blink of despair as far as attaining formal education is concerned. This point speaks for itself how poverty can sometimes work on the education’s disadvantage.

As we go further with this discussion, we also appreciate the fact that the problem that mostly hinders a student’s success is inadequate resources that include; few teachers and learning materials. It must be highlighted that these problems are not only in developing countries but they may also find their way in reasonably developed countries like South Africa. In a developing country like Malawi, the education system encounters these problems because of the government’s failure to look into problems of infrastructure, capacity and availability of teaching and learning materials (Nkawike,2005) . The Muluzi government did a little if any; in as far as infrastructure is concerned. Lack of school blocks facilitated by a large number of pupils due to the introduction of the free primary education in 1994, forced pupils to have lessons under trees. In 2003, for example, lack of school blocks resulted in a tragedy at Nkomachi in Lilongwe when a tree fell onto an outdoor class, resulting in injury and deaths of pupils (Mvula & Chanika,2004) . This problem of learning materials continues till date, in all levels of the education system. According to Abraham (2009) , the school has always had shortage of learning blocks to an extent that the Physical Science and Biology laboratories are used as classrooms. There is also great shortage of books in all departments, and some departments like the technical department needs new equipment and current books which are very expensive. With this unfortunate situation we cannot anticipate good performance from Masongola secondary school.

In order to deal with these issues, the Muluzi government thought it wise to disregard the provision of learning materials in schools. Instead the Malawi School Certificate of Education (MSCE) pass mark was reduced to ensure the success of students in their examinations. Even the director of Basic Education, Nelson Kaperemera admitted that funds intended for learning materials were servicing the debts of government at the expense of improving quality education. Instead of reducing the pass mark, the government and other stake holders should strive to improve quality of education, improve teacher salaries, and provide adequate materials and train teachers properly (Malawi News,2006) .

In developing countries like Malawi, the schools are understaffed (teaching personnel) and they tend to be handling a large number of students for long hours. Furthermore, the teachers are subjected to meager salaries, which are even made late. The government does not seem to have the welfare of teachers at heart, for instance the education Manager for Phalombe, Enoch Ali says the district is facing a dire shortage of teachers, a situation that is contributing to low education standards. The teacher pupil ratio in Phalombe is 1: 120, whilst the recommended ratio is 1: 60 (The Nation,2006) . Due to low pay teachers resort to organizing part time classes, which demand an extra amount of money on top of the normal fees. These changes clearly affect those students who come from very poor families, as they do not receive adequate studies because of lack of money.
This does not only occur in secondary schools, but it also happens in universities. As the academic staff of the Universities go on strike because of the government’s reluctance to increase their salaries. One considers how this is supposed to retain staff in the University. As a result lecturers spend more time doing consultancies; instead of preparing lectures and doing University mandated research. If we are serious about fighting poverty, formal education is the hub of ideas to fight these problems by improving its standards (Kapasula,2008) .
Child labour is one of the major problems that contribute to school dropp out. The majority of child labour victims are children who are living in poverty. This is so because they lack basic needs, for this reason they are forced even against their will to do any kind of work in order to gain financial wealth. This, therefore, affects school attendance. Evidence of school dropp out due to child labour is found in central region where most children are being employed in estates. This region has high tobacco production. Since this crop demands a lot of work, children are at high demand because they do not claim high wages compared to adults. Research, therefore, showed that the percentage of children attending schools is lower compared to that of northern and southern region (Nyirongo,2004) . We have the case of two brothers aged between 12 and 15 who were forced to work at a tobacco farm at Mpherembe in Kasungu district, where they were receiving 150 kwacha a day due to poverty (Namangale,2005) . We can see that child labour has a great impact on education because through it, a lot of children are being deprived of their right to education as they spend most of their time working.

In addition to that, Chirwa (2003) found out that child labour is also taking place in people’s houses. In this case children are forced to dropp out of school either by parents or on their own, to work in neighbouring homes. Here one of the victims is a 12 year old girl Elizabeth Chalimba, who left school when she was in standard six to work as a nanny in order to support her siblings. Children from low income families are at risk because though school is their only hope for a better future, they dropp out because their parents are failing to provide them with basic needs. Apart from child labour, psychological problems due to poverty is also another cause of school dropp outs. Research shows that the impact of poverty is greater on children as opposed to adults. Firstly, the problem arises due to the environment in which these children are raised. These environments being impoverished, they are intellectually unstimulating, and lack of stimulation results in impaired intellectual development of a child. This in turn contributes to failure in class which can later on lead to school dropp out.

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Just Keep Quiet and Nobody Will Notice

There is one thing that ought to be taught in all the colleges,
Which is that people ought to be taught not to go around always making apologies.
I don't mean the kind of apologies people make when they run over you or borrow five dollars or step on your feet,
Because I think that is sort of sweet;
No, I object to one kind of apology alone,
Which is when people spend their time and yours apologizing for everything they own.
You go to their house for a meal,
And they apologize because the anchovies aren't caviar or the partridge is veal;
They apologize privately for the crudeness of the other guests,
And they apologize publicly for their wife's housekeeping or their husband's jests;
If they give you a book by Dickens they apologize because it isn't by Scott,
And if they take you to the theater, they apologize for the acting and the dialogue and the plot;
They contain more milk of human kindness than the most capacious diary can,
But if you are from out of town they apologize for everything local and if you are a foreigner they apologize for everything American.
I dread these apologizers even as I am depicting them,
I shudder as I think of the hours that must be spend in contradicting them,
Because you are very rude if you let them emerge from an argument victorious,
And when they say something of theirs is awful, it is your duty to convince them politely that it is magnificent and glorious,
And what particularly bores me with them,
Is that half the time you have to politely contradict them when you rudely agree with them,
So I think there is one rule every host and hostess ought to keep with the comb and nail file and bicarbonate and aromatic spirits on a handy shelf,
Which is don't spoil the denouement by telling the guests everything is terrible, but let them have the thrill of finding it out for themselves.

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Sincerity

(l. stansfield/i. devaney/ a. morris)
Spoken:
People say they care, but when it come down to it
Do they have what Im singing for
Lets sing it for
Sincerity
Sincerity
People, rushin round in their lonely lives
Theyd like to care for others, but frankly,
They dont have the time
cause theyre always doin the things
They have to do so theyll be alright
Their always lookin out for their own side
People think theyve got priorities right
Chorus:
Sincerity
The road we need to travel for a better way of life
Sincerity
An attitude we need to take if we want to survive
Come on give me (come on) sincerity
Come on give me (come on) sincerity
Heartaches, everybody now and then
Theyre cryin out for others,
To listen to them like a friend
But were always sayin we dont have the time
But we really sympathize, maybe another time
Dont think about tomorrow
Do it while youve got the chance
Chorus
Come on give me (come on) sincerity
Come on give me (come on) sincerity
But were always sayin we dont have the time
We really sympathize, well, maybe another time
Dont think about tomorrow
Do it while youve got the chance
Chorus

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Step On You

You're in my way
You crossed my line
You're in my face
You're on my case, you really waste my time.
Don't like your style
Don't like your sound
You talk too much
You got no touch, you drive it in the ground
I'm gonna step on you
I'm gonna step on you
I'm gonna step on you
I'm gonna step on you
Don't like your smile
Don't like your clothes
Don't like your hair
And I don't care about your ruby pierced nose
You push too far
You talk too loud
You stay too long
You're in my song but you ain't in my crowd
I'm gonna step on you
I'm gonna step on you
I'm gonna step on you
I'm gonna step on you
You ruin my day and you're wrecking my night
I'm biting my lips because I'm ready to fight
I'm gonna sharpen my spikes
I'm gonna strap on my boots
I'm gonna squash you on sight
I'm gonna step on you
Step-step-step-step
You ruin my day and you're wrecking my night
I'm biting my lips because I'm ready to fight
I'm gonna sharpen my spikes
I'm gonna strap on my boots
I'm gonna squash you on sight
Don't leave no message on my telephone
Cut right through the bull, right to the bone
The snow in your nose and the crack in your brain
It used to be cool, now it's just insane
I'm gonna step on you
Step-I'm gonna step on you-step
Step

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King Step

To all the entertainers in the world I man show nuff respect
Nuff respect, cause every entertainer is select
And right ya now me a go show you how to do the king step
(chorus)
Me a go show you how to do the king step left right,
Me a go show you how to do the king step left right,
As soon as me operator puts the music on the deck
Is pure exciting, educating, fascinating, pirate chanting
Culture preaching, perfect timing lyrics you a go get
The whistlers blow their whistle, big women say kiss me neck
Some bark forward, some barl rewind and some shout out eject
While the pirates press record pon fe dem pocket size cassettes
The mcs that chat slack fret till dem armpit wet with sweat
Because they know that slackness is a thing I man do not respect
That's why me have to show dem how fe do the king step left right.
(chorus)
Well before me start to go down in a dais yak subject
Me have to praise you jab cause you never fail I yet
Even when satan captured me and bring me close to death
You offered me the truth and right and I had to accept
But now me find you jab me na go keep it secret
That's why the conscious lyrics are my favourite subject
Me chat dem in the blues party, pub, club and discotheque
Me chat dem in the bookie shop while man a put on bet
And also in the gambling house when man ready fe set
And even to bad man who a walk wid dem ratchet
Me chat dem a ub40 studio in digbeth
And when dem want more culture dem a barl out dep, dep, dep
But me tell them, hold on lads you ain't heard nothing yet
Cause now i'm gonna show ya how to do the king step left right
(chorus)
Left right its time to walk in the light of jab not darkness
Left right who jab bless no man curse, who jab curse no man bless
Left right eternal life for the man that tries his very best
Left right do bad and you'll go down in the pit that's bottomless
Left right pato banton has now come to preach the right
Left right left right me no partial if your black or if your white
Left right well now me know how fe do the king step
Me just can not keep it a secret
So right ya now you a get
The king step the king step the king step
Step 1, we all should know that there's one God and only one
Step 2, is give him praises for this whole creation
Step 3, is love your brother man cause you and him is one
Step 4, is not to make the same mistake as soloman
Step 5, is to repent and beg forgiveness for your wrongs
Cause the wroth of jab is clear to see in revelation
So make up mind if you want to go to heaven or hell
Step 6, oh yes there's more the king step carries on
It carries on and on, and on, and on, and on, and on

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The King Step (Pato Banton)

To all the entertainers in the world I man show nuff respect
Nuff respect, cause every entertainer is select
And right ya now me a go show you how to do the king step
(Chorus)
Me a go show you how to do the king step left right,
Me a go show you how to do the king step left right,
As soon as me operator puts the music on the deck
Is pure exciting, educating, fascinating, pirate chanting
Culture preaching, perfect timing lyrics you a go get
The whistlers blow their whistle, big women say "Kiss me neck"
Some bark "Forward", some barl "Rewind" and some shout out "eject"
While the pirates press record pon fe dem pocket size cassettes
The MCs that chat slack fret till dem armpit wet with sweat
Because they know that slackness is a thing I man do not respect
That's why me have to show dem how fe do the King Step Left Right.
(Chorus)
Well before me start to go down in a dais yak subject
Me have to praise you Jab cause you never fail I yet
Even when satan captured me and bring me close to death
You offered me the truth and right and I had to accept
But now me find you Jab me na go keep it secret
That's why the conscious lyrics are my favourite subject
Me chat dem in the blues party, pub, club and discotheque
Me chat dem in the bookie shop while man a put on bet
And also in the gambling house when man ready fe set
And even to bad man who a walk wid dem ratchet
Me chat dem a UB40 Studio in digbeth
And when dem want more culture dem a barl out "Dep, Dep, Dep"
But me tell them, hold on lads you ain't heard nothing yet
"Cause now I'm gonna show ya how to do the King Step" Left Right
(Chorus)
Left right its time to walk in the light of Jab not darkness
Left right who Jab bless no man curse, who jab curse no man bless
Left right eternal life for the man that tries his very best
Left right do bad and you'll go down in the pit that's bottomless
Left right Pato Banton has now come to preach the right
Left right left right me no partial if your black or if your white
Left right well now me know how fe do the king step
Me just can not keep it a secret
So right ya now you a get
THE KING STEP THE KING STEP THE KING STEP
Step 1, we all should know that there's one god and only one
Step 2, Is give him praises for this whole creation
Step 3, Is love your brother man cause you and him is one
Step 4, Is not to make the same mistake as Soloman
Step 5, Is to repent and beg forgiveness for your wrongs
Cause the wroth of Jab is clear to see in Revelation
So make up mind if you want to go to Heaven or Hell
Step 6, Oh yes there's more the King Step carries on
It carries on and on, and on, and on, and on, and on

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Elegiac Feelings American

1
How inseparable you and the America you saw yet was never
there to see; you and America, like the tree and the
ground, are one the same; yet how like a palm tree
in the state of Oregon. . . dead ere it blossomed,
like a snow polar loping the
Miami—
How so that which you were or hoped to be, and the
America not, the America you saw yet could
not see
So like yet unlike the ground from which you stemmed;
you stood upon America like a rootless
Hat-bottomed tree; to the squirrel there was no
divorcement in its hop of ground to its climb of
tree. . . until it saw no acorn fall, then it knew
there was no marriage between the two; how
fruitless, how useless, the sad unnaturalness
of nature; no wonder the dawn ceased being
a joy. . . for what good the earth and sun when
the tree in between is good for nothing. . . the
inseparable trinity, once dissevered, becomes a
cold fruitless meaningless thrice-marked
deathlie in its awful amputation. . . O butcher
the pork-chop is not the pig—The American
alien in America is a bitter truncation; and even
this elegy, dear Jack, shall have a butchered
tree, a tree beaten to a pulp, upon which it'll be
contained—no wonder no good news can be
written on such bad news—
How alien the natural home, aye, aye, how dies the tree when
the ground is foreign, cold, unfree—The winds
know not to blow the seed of the Redwood where
none before stood; no palm is blown to Oregon,
how wise the wind—Wise
too the senders of the prophet. . . knowing the
fertility of the designated spot where suchmeant
prophecy be announced and answerable—the
sower of wheat does not sow in the fields of cane;
for the sender of the voice did also send the ear.
And were little Liechtenstein, and not America, the
designation. . . surely then we'd the tongues of
Liechtenstein—
Was not so much our finding America as it was America finding
its voice in us; many spoke to America as though
America by land-right was theirs by law-right
legislatively acquired by materialistic coups of
wealth and inheritance; like the citizen of society
believes himself the owner of society, and what he
makes of himself he makes of America and thus when
he speaks of America he speaks of himself, and quite

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Megamix

Featuring you keep me hangin on, another step (closer to you) and say you really want me.
(we keep in touch)
(keep me hangin on)
Set me free why dont cha babe
Get out of my life why dont cha babe
cause you dont really love me
You just keep me hanginon
Set me free why dont cha babe
Get out of my life why dont cha babe
You dont really need me
But you keep me hanginon
Why do you keep a comin around
Playing with my heart
Why dont cha get out of my life
And let me make a brand new start
Let me get over you
The way youve gotten over me yeah
Set me free why dont cha babe
Get out of my life why dont cha babe
cause you dont really love me
You just keep me hanginon
No you dont really need me
You just keep me (keep me) hangin on
You say although we broke up
You still just wanna be friends
But how can we still be friends
When seeing you only breaks my heart again
(and there aint nothing I can do about it)
(keep me hangin on)
(yeah)
Get out, get out of my life
And let me sleep at night
cos you dont really love me
You just keep me (keep me) hanginon
(keep me hangin on)
(keep me hangin on)
(keep me hangin on)
Another step nearer your heart
Another step closer to knowing you
Another step nearer your heart
Im on my way
Junior: I never thought it could happen
Being close to someone like you
Kim: but you know this isnt just a minute affair
If we make time and take a lot of care
I love everything about it
Junior: (everything)
Kim: theres such a good feel about it
Junior:and I know where Im gonna be
If you take a step closer to me

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